-
1 roast
I 1. [rəʊst]nome gastr. arrosto m.; AE (barbecue) barbecue m., grigliata f.2.roast beef — roast beef, rosbif
II 1. [rəʊst]roast chestnuts — castagne arrosto, caldarroste
1) arrostire, cuocere al forno [meat, potatoes]; arrostire [ chestnuts]; tostare [ coffee beans]2) colloq. (criticize severely)2.to be roasted alive — fig. essere stroncato o demolito
verbo intransitivo [ meat] arrostirsi, arrostireI'm roasting! — colloq. fig. sto morendo di caldo!
* * *[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) arrostire2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) torrefare2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) arrosto, arrostito3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) arrosto- roasting* * *[rəʊst]1. n2. adjarrosto inv3. vt4. vi* * *roast /rəʊst/A n.2 [u] (metall.) arrostimentoB a. attr.arrosto; arrostito: roast meat, carne arrostita; arrosto; roast beef, manzo arrosto; roast beef; roast chicken, pollo arrosto; roast pork, carne di maiale arrosto; arrosto di maiale; roast mutton, arrosto di castrato; roast chestnut, caldarrosta.(to) roast /rəʊst/A v. t.1 arrostire: to roast meat on a spit, arrostire carne allo spiedo; to roast chestnuts, arrostire le castagne; fare le caldarroste3 (metall.) arrostire4 (fam.) criticare; stroncareB v. i.● (fig.) to roast oneself, arrostirsi (al sole) □ (fam.) to be roasting, crepare dal caldo: I'm roasting!, sto crepando dal caldo!; It's roast hot in here, qui dentro si crepa dal caldo.* * *I 1. [rəʊst]nome gastr. arrosto m.; AE (barbecue) barbecue m., grigliata f.2.roast beef — roast beef, rosbif
II 1. [rəʊst]roast chestnuts — castagne arrosto, caldarroste
1) arrostire, cuocere al forno [meat, potatoes]; arrostire [ chestnuts]; tostare [ coffee beans]2) colloq. (criticize severely)2.to be roasted alive — fig. essere stroncato o demolito
verbo intransitivo [ meat] arrostirsi, arrostireI'm roasting! — colloq. fig. sto morendo di caldo!
-
2 roast
rəust
1. сущ.
1) а) жаркое to make a roast ≈ приготовить жаркое chuck roast ≈ жаркое из цыпленка lamb roast ≈ жаркое из баранины pork roast ≈ жаркое из свинины pot roast ≈ тушеное мясо rib roast ≈ жаркое на ребрышках veal roast ≈ жаркое из телятины б) жарка, прожаривание to give smth. a good roast ≈ хорошо прожаривать( что-л.) в) кусок мяса, пригодный для жарки или приготовления жаркого blade roast ≈ мясо на ростбиф blade rib roast ≈ амер. кусок толстого края (лопаточная часть) ;
ростбиф г) 'шашлыки' (приготовление пищи на открытом огне в компании друзей)
2) амер. жестокая критика Syn: criticism
3) тех. обжиг ∙ rule the roast
2. прил. жареный roast beef Syn: fried, broiled, grilled
3. гл.
1) а) жарить(ся) ;
печь(ся) (особ. в духовке или на открытом огне) The meat was roasting in the oven. ≈ В духовке жарилось мясо. You've made a fire fit to roast an ox. ≈ Ты развел такой костер, что на нем можно быка целиком зажарить. Syn: grill
2., bake, barbecue
2., broil II
2. б) жарить(ся), подвергать(ся) воздействию высоких температур to roast coffee-beans ≈ жарить кофейные зерна Syn: heat I
2.
2) разг. высмеивать, поднимать на смех( кого-л.) ;
насмехаться, издеваться (над кем-л.) Syn: scoff I
2., mock
3., ridicule
2.
3) амер. подвергать суровой критике Syn: criticize severily, scalp
2., scarify
4) тех. обжигать;
выжигать;
кальцинировать
5) погашать почтовые марки жаркое, жареное, жареный кусок мяса - cold * on Monday холодное жареное мясо в понедельник - buy a big * купите большой кусок мяса на жаркое (американизм) жестокая критика;
разнос (устный или в печати) ;
высмеивание( американизм) пикник с жарением мяса на вертеле (техническое) обжиг жареный - * beef ростбиф - * meat мясо воздушной жакри, жареное мясо;
мясо для жаренья > to cry * meat хвастать своими победами над женщинами жарить, печь;
запекать жариться, печься;
запекаться - the joint will never * on such a small fire мясо никогда не изжарится на таком слабом огне сушить( на огне) ;
поджаривать - to * coffee жарить кофе (техническое) обжигать, кальцинировать греть - to * one's feet at the fire греть ноги у камина - to * oneself before the fire греться у огня греться разогреться, разомлеть - I'm *ing in here, how about you? я здесь изнемогаю от жары, а вы как? (устаревшее) пытать огнем( разговорное) высмеивать (кого-л.), издеваться (над кем-л.) (американизм) жестоко критиковать, разносить, громить (устно или в печати) - the films have been *ed by most critics большинство критиков писали об этих фильмах разгромные рецензии roast разг. высмеивать (кого-л.) ;
издеваться ~ жареный;
roast beef ростбиф ~ жарить(ся) ;
печь(ся) ;
греть(ся) ~ жаркое, жареное;
(большой) кусок жареного мяса ~ амер. жестокая критика ~ амер. жестоко критиковать ~ тех. обжиг;
to rule the roast задавать тон;
возглавлять дело;
верховодить ~ тех. обжигать;
выжигать;
кальцинировать ~ жареный;
roast beef ростбиф ~ тех. обжиг;
to rule the roast задавать тон;
возглавлять дело;
верховодить -
3 roast
[rəust] 1. гл.1)а) жариться, печься ( особенно в духовке или на открытом огне)The meat was roasting in the oven. — В духовке жарилось мясо.
б) жарить, печьSyn:barbecue 2.•Syn:2) тех. обжигать; выжигать; кальцинироватьSyn:3) уст. подвергать пытке огнём4)а) греться, согреваться ( около огня)б) греть, согревать ( около огня)•Syn:warm 3.5) разг. высмеивать, поднимать на смех (кого-л.); насмехаться, издеваться (над кем-л.)If we were to roast him it might hurt our business. — Если бы мы подняли его на смех, это бы только всё испортило.
Syn:6) амер.; разг. подвергать суровой критике; порицать, осуждатьI was roasted for falling asleep in a deck-chair during play. — Мне влетело за то, что я заснул в шезлонге во время пьесы.
These films have been roasted by most critics. — Большинство критиков раскритиковали эти фильмы.
Syn:2. прил.Syn:3. сущ.1)а) жаркоеб) жарка, прожариваниеto give smth. a good roast — хорошо прожаривать (что-л.)
в) кусок мяса, пригодный для жарки или приготовления жаркогоblade rib roast — амер. кусок толстого края ( лопаточная часть); ростбиф
3) амер.а) высмеивание, подшучивание, издевательство; насмешка, издёвкаSyn:Syn:4) тех. обжиг•• -
4 roast
/roust/ * danh từ - thịt quay, thịt nướng; sự quay thịt, sự nướng thịt - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) lời phê bình nghiêm khắc, lời giễu cợt cay độc - (kỹ thuật) sự nung !to rule the roast - (xem) rule * tính từ - quay, nướng =roast pig+ thịt lợn quay * ngoại động từ - quay, nướng (thịt) - rang (cà phê) =to roast coffee-beans+ rang cà phê - sưởi ấm; hơ lửa, bắt (ai) đứng vào lửa (để tra tấn) =to roast oneself at the fire+ sưởi ấm bên bếp lửa - (kỹ thuật) nung - (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ) phê bình nghiêm khắc - chế nhạo, giễu cợt, chế giễu -
5 roast
[roust]1. vжарить(ся); запекать(ся)2. adj3. n -
6 roast
roast [rəʊst]1. nounrôti m2. adjective[pork, chicken] rôti[+ meat] (faire) rôtir ; [+ chestnuts] griller* * *[rəʊst] 1.noun Culinary rôti m; US barbecue m2.adjective [meat, potatoes] rôtiroast beef — rôti m de bœuf, rosbif m
3.roast chestnuts — châtaignes fpl grillées
transitive verb rôtir [meat, potatoes]; (faire) griller [chestnuts]; torréfier [coffee beans]4.to be roasted alive — fig être grillé vif
intransitive verb [meat] rôtirI'm roasting! — (colloq) je crève de chaud! (colloq)
-
7 roast
A n3 ○ US ( entertainment) spectacle amusant où une célébrité se fait éreinter par son entourage.B adj [meat, poultry, potatoes] rôti ; roast beef rôti m de bœuf, rosbif m ; roast chestnuts châtaignes fpl grillées.C vtr1 rôtir [meat, potatoes] ; (faire) griller [peanuts, chestnuts] ; torréfier [coffee beans] ; dry roasted peanuts cacahuètes fpl grillées ; to be roasted alive fig être grillé vif ;2 ○ ( criticize severely) descendre [qn] en flammes. -
8 roast
rəust
1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) asar2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) tostar
2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) asado
3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) asado- roastingroast1 adj asadoroast2 vb asartr[rəʊst]1 asado,-a1 asado1 (meat) asar2 (coffee, nuts, etc) tostar1 (meat) asarse2 (person) achicharrarse\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLroast beef rosbif nombre masculinoroast potato patata al hornoroast ['ro:st] vt: asar (carne, papas), tostar (café, nueces)roast vi: asarseroast adj1) : asadoroast chicken: pollo asado2)roast beef : rosbif mroast n: asado madj.• asado, -a adj.• tostado, -a adj.n.• asado s.m.• carne para asar s.f.v.• asar v.• tostar v.rəʊst
I
adjective <meat/potatoes> asado ( al horno); < coffee> tostado, torrefacto; <corn/chestnuts> asado, a la(s) brasa(s)roast beef — rosbif m, rosbeef m
II
III
1.
a) \<\<meat/potatoes\>\> asar; \<\<coffee beans\>\> tostar*, torrefaccionar; \<\<peanuts\>\> tostar*b) ( reprimand)c) ( ridicule) (AmE) \<\<person\>\> ridiculizar*
2.
via) \<\<meat\>\> asarseb) ( be hot) (colloq) asarse (de calor) (fam)[rǝʊst]1.N asado m2.ADJ asado; [coffee] torrefacto, tostadoroast beef — rosbif m
3. VT1) [+ meat] asar; [+ coffee] tostar2) (fig)to roast o.s. in the sun — tostarse al sol
3)to roast sb * — (=criticize) criticar a algn, censurar a algn; (=scold) desollar vivo a algn
4.VI [meat] asarse; (fig) [person] tostarse* * *[rəʊst]
I
adjective <meat/potatoes> asado ( al horno); < coffee> tostado, torrefacto; <corn/chestnuts> asado, a la(s) brasa(s)roast beef — rosbif m, rosbeef m
II
III
1.
a) \<\<meat/potatoes\>\> asar; \<\<coffee beans\>\> tostar*, torrefaccionar; \<\<peanuts\>\> tostar*b) ( reprimand)c) ( ridicule) (AmE) \<\<person\>\> ridiculizar*
2.
via) \<\<meat\>\> asarseb) ( be hot) (colloq) asarse (de calor) (fam) -
9 roast
1. transitive verbbraten; rösten [Kaffeebohnen, Erdnüsse, Mandeln, Kastanien]2. attributive adjectiveeat roast duck/pork/beef — Enten-/Schweine-/ Rinderbraten essen
3. nounroast beef — (sirloin) Roastbeef, das
Braten, der* * *[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) braten2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) rösten2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) gebraten,geröstet3. noun- academic.ru/62649/roasting">roasting* * *[rəʊst, AM roʊst]I. vt1. (heat)▪ to \roast sth etw röstento \roast chestnuts/coffee beans Kastanien rösten [o ÖSTERR Maroni braten] /Kaffeebohnen röstento \roast meat Fleisch bratento \roast ore Erz rösten▪ to \roast sb mit jdm hart ins Gericht gehenII. vi braten a. fighundreds of people were lying in the sun \roasting hunderte von Menschen ließen sich in der Sonne bratenIII. adj attr, inv Brat-\roast beef Roastbeef nt\roast chicken Brathähnchen nt\roast coffee Röstkaffee m\roast potatoes Ofenkartoffeln plIV. n* * *[rəʊst]1. nBraten m2. adjpork, veal gebraten; potatoes in Fett im Backofen gebratenroast beef — Roastbeef nt
we had roast pork — es gab Schweinebraten
3. vt1) meat braten; chestnuts, coffee beans, ore röstento roast oneself by the fire/in the sun — sich am Feuer/in der Sonne braten lassen
to be roasted alive (fig) — sich totschwitzen (inf); (by sun) gebraten werden (inf)
See:→ also roasting2) (inf: criticize) ins Gericht gehen mit (inf)4. vi(meat) braten; (inf, person) irrsinnig schwitzen (inf); (in sun) in der Sonne braten → also roastingSee:→ also roasting* * *roast [rəʊst]A v/t1. a) braten, rösten:roasted apple Bratapfel mb) schmoren:be roasted alive fig vor Hitze fast umkommen2. Kaffee, Mais etc rösten3. Erz rösten, abschwelen4. umga) durch den Kakao ziehenb) verreißenB v/i rösten, braten, schmoren (auch fig in der Sonne):I am simply roasting ich komme vor Hitze fast umC s1. Braten m2. (Sorte f) Röstkaffee m3. umga) Verspottung fb) Verriss m4. US Gartenparty etc, bei der Steaks etc gebraten werden:D adj geröstet, gebraten, Röst…:roast beef Rost-, Rinderbraten m;roast goose Gänsebraten m;roast meat Braten m;roast pork Schweinebraten m* * *1. transitive verbbraten; rösten [Kaffeebohnen, Erdnüsse, Mandeln, Kastanien]2. attributive adjectivegebraten [Fleisch, Ente usw.]; Brat[hähnchen, -kartoffeln]; Röst[kastanien]eat roast duck/pork/beef — Enten-/Schweine-/ Rinderbraten essen
3. nounroast beef — (sirloin) Roastbeef, das
Braten, der* * *v.rösten v. -
10 roast
[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) stege2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) riste2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) stegt; ristet3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) steg- roasting* * *[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) stege2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) riste2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) stegt; ristet3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) steg- roasting -
11 roast
[rəʊst, Am roʊst] vt1) ( heat)to \roast sth etw rösten;to \roast chestnuts/ coffee beans Kastanien/Kaffeebohnen rösten;to \roast meat Fleisch braten;to \roast ore Erz röstento \roast sb jdn brennen (mit glühenden Zigaretten o.Ä.)3) ( criticize)to \roast sb mit jdm hart ins Gericht gehen vi braten (a. fig)hundreds of people were lying in the sun \roasting hunderte von Menschen ließen sich in der Sonne braten;attr, inv Brat-;\roast beef Roastbeef nt;\roast chicken Brathähnchen nt;\roast coffee Röstkaffee m;\roast potatoes Ofenkartoffeln fpl n1) Braten m -
12 roast
[rəust] 1. npieczeń f2. vt* * *[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) piec2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) prażyć2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) pieczony3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) pieczeń- roasting -
13 roast
[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) peči2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) pražiti2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) pečen3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) pečenka- roasting* * *I [róust]1.nounpečenka, pečenje; praženje; colloquially dráženje, grajanjeto rule the roast figuratively colloquially biti gospodar, vladati (doma, v hiši); colloquially imeti popolno oblast, oblačiti in vedritito stand the roast — biti tarča smešenja, zasramovanja ali grajanja;2.adjectivepečen; praženII [róust]transitive verb & intransitive verbpeči (se), pražiti (se), opeči (se); žgati (kavo); segreti, razžariti; pripekati, žgati; smešiti, zasmehovati, rogati se, posmehovati se, vleči za nos, norčevati se iz, zbijati šale zI am roasting figuratively ginem, umiram od žejeI have been roasting myself by the fire — ožgal (pekel, opekel, grel) sem se zraven ognjato roast oneself — greti se, "peči se" -
14 roast
[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) assar2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) torrar2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) assado3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) assado- roasting* * *[roust] n 1 assado, carne assada. 2 Amer churrasco: reunião ao ar livre para comer carne assada. 3 sl crítica. • vt+vi 1 assar, torrar, tostar. 2 esquentar excessiva ou violentamente. 3 calcinar. 4 ser assado. 5 Met ustular. 6 coll ridicularizar, chacotear, zombar, escarnecer. 7 criticar severamente, destruir com críticas. • adj (também roasted) assado, torrado. to rule the roast mandar, ser mandão. -
15 roast
rostélyos, sült to roast: pörköl, süt* * *[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) megsüt; (meg)sül2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) pörköl (kávét)2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) sült3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) (egybe)sült hús- roasting -
16 roast
rəust 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) steke(s), bli stekt2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) brenne2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) stekt, ristet, brent; -stek3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) stek- roastingbrenne--------risteIsubst. \/rəʊst\/1) stek2) (amer.) utendørs grillfest3) (amer., hverdagslig) hard kritikk, slaktIIverb \/rəʊst\/1) steke, bli stekt, brenne2) riste (nøtter e.l.), brenne (kaffebønner e.l.)3) steke seg, varme seg4) ( hverdagslig) slakte, nedsable5) ( om metall) røsteIIIadj. \/rəʊst\/stekt -
17 roast
[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) steikja2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) rista2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) steiktur3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) steik- roasting -
18 roast
adj. fırında kızartılmış————————n. rosto, fırında pişirilmiş et, et kızartması————————v. fırında kızartmak, kızartmak, fırınlamak, kavurmak, tavlamak [met.], alay etmek, azarlamak, fırça atmak, kavrulmak, sıcaktan pişmek, pişmek* * *1. kavur 2. kızart (v.) 3. kızartma (n.)* * *[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) ızgarada/fırında pişirmek2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) kavurmak2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) kavrulmuş3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) ızgarada/fırında pişmiş (et)- roasting -
19 roast
• paahto• paahdettu• paahtaa• paistaa• paistaa ruokaa• paahtaa (kahv.)• paistua• paisti• paistettu• ruskistaa• pariloida• kypsentää• käristää• korventaa* * *rəust 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) paistaa, paahtaa2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) paahtaa2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) paistettu, paahdettu3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) paisti- roasting -
20 roast
[rəust] 1. verb1) (to cook or be cooked in an oven, or over or in front of a fire etc: to roast a chicken over the fire; The beef was roasting in the oven.) cept; cepties2) (to heat (coffee-beans) before grinding.) grauzdēt2. adjective(roasted: roast beef/chestnuts.) cepts; grauzdēts3. noun(meat that has been roasted or is for roasting: She bought a roast; a delicious roast.) cepetis; cepešgaļa- roasting* * *cepetis; pikniks, kur ēd gaļu, kas cepta uz atklātas uguns; barga kritika; apdedzināšana; cept; cepties; grauzdēt; sildīt; bargi kritizēt; izzobot; apdedzināt; cepts
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
roast coffee — toast coffee beans … English contemporary dictionary
roast — I. verb Etymology: Middle English rosten, from Anglo French rostir, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German rōsten to roast Date: 13th century transitive verb 1. a. to cook by exposing to dry heat (as in an oven or before a fire) or by… … New Collegiate Dictionary
Coffee roasting — machine Light roasted coffee beans … Wikipedia
Coffee bean storage — is a broad term describing the packaging and preservation of coffee beans throughout the process from harvesting to brewing. Although the term is applicable to many phases of this process, it is typically applied to ideal home storage for maximum … Wikipedia
Coffee production in India — Coffee forests in India Coffee plantation in India … Wikipedia
Coffee varieties — refers to the diverse forms derived through selective breeding or natural selection of coffee plants. In essence they represent subspecies of the several coffee species.Coffee beans from different places may have distinctive characteristics such… … Wikipedia
Coffee pod — is also a name for the Chinese Senna, Senna obtusifolia. A Senseo coffee pod, upside down … Wikipedia
Coffee — This article is about the beverage. For the bean it is made from, see Coffee bean. For other uses, see Coffee (disambiguation). Coffee A cup of black coffee Type Hot Country of origin … Wikipedia
Coffee preparation — For the agricultural and industrial processes for producing whole coffee beans, see Coffee processing. Coffee preparation is the process of turning coffee beans into a beverage. While the particular steps needed vary with the type of coffee… … Wikipedia
Coffee and the environment — Is socially responsible coffee helping America take one sip towards a healthier environment? Changes in how coffee plants are grown have resulted in effects on the environment.IntroductionIt seems as though consuming a morning cup of coffee has… … Wikipedia
Coffee production in Vietnam — Terraced Coffee Plants in Vietnam Coffee production has been a major source of income for Vietnam since the early 20th century. First introduced by the French in 1857, the Vietnamese coffee industry developed through the plantation system,… … Wikipedia